[Home button] Table 10. Mothers who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy, according to mother's detailed race, Hispanic origin, educational attainment, and age: Selected States, 1989-96 [Data are based on the National Vital Statistics System] Characteristic of mother 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 Race of mother1 Percent of mothers who smoked2 All races 19.5 18.4 17.8 16.9 15.8 14.6 13.9 13.6 White 20.4 19.4 18.8 17.9 16.8 15.6 15.0 14.7 Black 17.1 15.9 14.6 13.8 12.7 11.4 10.6 10.2 American Indian or Alaskan Native 23.0 22.4 22.6 22.5 21.6 21.0 20.9 21.3 Asian or Pacific Islander3 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.3 3.6 3.4 3.3 [>] Chinese 2.7 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 [>] Japanese 8.2 8.0 7.5 6.6 6.7 5.4 5.2 4.8 [>] Filipino 5.1 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.5 [>] Hawaiian and part Hawaiian 19.3 21.0 19.4 18.5 17.2 16.0 15.9 15.3 [>] Other Asian or Pacific Islander 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.7 Hispanic origin of mother4 Hispanic origin 8.0 6.7 6.3 5.8 5.0 4.6 4.3 4.3 [>] Mexican 6.3 5.3 4.8 4.3 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.1 [>] Puerto Rican 14.5 13.6 13.2 12.7 11.2 10.9 10.4 11.10 [>] Cuban 6.9 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.0 4.8 4.1 4.7 [>] Central and South American 3.6 3.0 2.8 2.6 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.8 [>] Other and unknown Hispanic 12.1 10.8 10.7 10.1 9.3 8.1 8.2 9.1 White, non-Hispanic 21.7 21.0 20.5 19.7 18.6 17.7 17.1 16.9 Black, non-Hispanic 17.2 15.9 14.6 13.8 12.7 11.5 10.6 10.3 Age of mother1 Under 15 years 7.7 7.5 7.6 6.9 7.0 6.7 7.3 7.7 15-19 years 22.2 20.8 19.7 18.6 17.5 16.7 16.8 17.2 [>] 15-17 years 19.0 17.6 16.6 15.6 14.8 14.4 14.6 15.4 [>] 18-19 years 23.9 22.5 21.5 20.3 19.1 18.1 18.1 18.3 20-24 years 23.5 22.1 21.2 20.3 19.2 17.8 17.1 16.8 25-29 years 19.0 18.0 17.2 16.1 14.8 13.5 12.8 12.3 30-34 years 15.7 15.3 15.1 14.5 13.4 12.3 11.4 10.9 35-39 years 13.6 13.3 13.3 13.4 12.8 12.2 12.0 11.7 40-49 years 13.2 12.3 11.9 11.6 11.0 10.3 10.1 10.1 Percent of mothers 20 years of age and over who Education of mother5 smoked2 0-8 years 20.8 19.2 18.3 16.8 15.2 12.1 11.0 10.3 9-11 years 35.0 33.3 31.9 30.6 29.0 33.6 32.0 31.1 12 years 22.2 21.2 20.6 20.1 19.3 18.7 18.3 18.0 13-15 years 13.6 12.7 12.4 12.0 11.3 10.8 10.6 10.4 16 years or more 5.0 4.5 4.2 3.9 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.6 1 Includes data for 43 States and the District of Columbia (DC) in 1989, 45 States and DC in 1990, and 46 States and DC in 1991-93, and 46 States, DC, and New York City (NYC in 1994-96). Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York (but includes NYC in 1994-96), and South Dakota (1989-96), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of mother's tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I). 2 Excludes live births for whom smoking status of mother is unknown. 3 Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy was not reported on the birth certificates of California and New York, which during 1989-91 together accounted for 43-66 percent of the births in each Asian subgroup (except Hawaiian). 4 Includes data for 42 States and DC in 1989, 44 States and DC in 1990, 45 States and DC in 1991-92, and 46 States and DC in 1993, and 46 States, DC, and NYC in 1994-96. Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York (but includes NYC in 1994-96), and South Dakota (1989-96), New Hampshire (1989-92), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of either Hispanic origin of mother or tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I). 5 Includes data for 42 States and DC in 1989, 44 States and DC in 1990, 45 States and DC in 1991, 46 States and DC in 1992-93, and 46 States, DC, and NYC in 1994-96. Excludes data for California, Indiana, New York (but includes NYC 1994-96), and South Dakota (1989-96), Washington (1989-91), Oklahoma (1989-90), and Louisiana and Nebraska (1989), which did not require the reporting of either mother's education or tobacco use during pregnancy on the birth certificate (see Appendix I). NOTES: The race groups, white, black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander, include persons of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. Conversely, persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. SOURCES: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Data computed by the Division of Health and Utilization Analysis from data compiled by the Division of Vital Statistics; Ventura SJ, Martin JA, Curtin SC, Mathews TJ. Report of final natality statistics, 1996. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 46. Hyattsville, Maryland: 1998; Report of final natality statistics, for each data year 1989-95. Monthly vital statistics report. Hyattsville, Maryland. Suggested citation: National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 1998 With Socioeconomic Status and Health Chartbook. Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service, p 180. 1998. (The NCHS Web site contains instructions to download the AcrobatÆ reader required to view this publication.) 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