[Census Bureau] Dynamics of Economic Well-Being: Program Participation, 1991 to 1993 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table 2. Persons Participating One or More Months in Assistance Programs, by Selected Characteristics: 1991 and 1992 [Numbers in thousands] 1991 Panel 1991 1992 Persons ever Persons ever Persons ever participating in participating in participating in programs(s) over program(s) over program(s) over the panel the year the year Total Number Percent Total Number Percent Total Number Percent ONE OR MORE MAJOR ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS1 All persons 241955 48983 20.2 247187 40606 16.4 250020 42470 17.0 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 33034 16.4 205820 26319 12.8 208483 28256 13.6 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 25815 14.0 187357 20031 10.7 188798 21653 11.5 Black 30086 13665 45.4 30878 12162 39.4 31237 12135 38.8 Hispanic origin 22221 9295 41.8 22885 7980 34.9 24442 8348 34.2 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 39688 18.1 224301 32627 14.5 225578 34123 15.1 Age Under 18 years 67420 21664 32.1 66745 18104 27.1 67626 18833 27.8 18 to 64 years 148823 23068 15.5 151969 18369 12.1 153519 19409 12.6 65 years and over 25711 4252 16.5 28472 4133 14.5 28875 4229 14.6 Sex Male 117061 20700 17.7 120193 17151 14.3 121572 17619 14.5 Female 124894 28283 22.6 126994 23455 18.5 128448 24852 19.3 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 11516 32.4 38117 10288 27.0 39367 10743 27.3 High school graduate, no college 67239 10457 15.6 69124 8329 12.0 68121 8351 12.3 1 or more years of college 71762 5347 7.5 73200 3885 5.3 74906 4543 6.1 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 8184 33.0 26523 7180 27.1 25386 7504 29.6 With no work disability 144046 19006 13.2 145833 14506 9.9 148517 15316 10.3 Residence Metropolitan 183620 34554 18.8 188570 28792 15.3 189845 30386 16.0 Central city 68726 17648 25.7 70551 15302 21.7 73667 16533 22.4 Non-central city 114894 16906 14.7 118018 13490 11.4 116178 13852 11.9 Nonmetropolitan 58335 14430 24.7 58617 11814 20.2 60174 12085 20.1 Region Northeast 50029 9676 19.3 50709 7970 15.7 51667 8622 16.7 Midwest 63321 10349 16.3 63273 8435 13.3 64370 8605 13.4 South 78335 18651 23.8 80637 15531 19.3 81106 15833 19.5 West 50269 10308 20.5 52568 8670 16.5 52876 9411 17.8 Family Status In families 208813 42583 20.4 212391 34852 16.4 215902 36899 17.1 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 36778 26.4 139122 30471 21.9 140974 31915 22.6 In married-couple families 168698 23262 13.8 170599 17033 10.0 173164 18862 10.9 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 19529 17.8 108716 14409 13.3 110164 15992 14.5 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 17643 51.9 35142 16467 46.9 36434 16762 46.0 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 15928 61.0 26693 15007 56.2 27471 14986 54.6 Unrelated individuals 33142 6400 19.3 34795 5754 16.5 34118 5571 16.3 In non-family households 30922 5644 18.3 32256 5056 15.7 31790 4997 15.7 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 8318 8.9 94210 5497 5.8 94010 5249 5.6 Employed part-time 21332 3256 15.3 22036 2479 11.3 22779 2819 12.4 Unemployed 5948 2379 40.0 6955 2269 32.6 7301 2173 29.8 Not in labor force 53546 13367 25.0 57241 12256 21.4 58303 13396 23.0 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 11052 10.4 108285 8215 7.6 108044 8490 7.9 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 8527 27.3 33122 7725 23.3 33517 7849 23.4 Never married 37173 7741 20.8 39034 6562 16.8 40833 7298 17.9 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 6400 19.3 34795 5754 16.5 34118 5571 16.3 2 persons 53963 6804 12.6 56329 5589 9.9 56861 6254 11.0 3 persons 44796 8910 19.9 45567 7276 16.0 47515 7510 15.8 4 persons 56235 10262 18.2 56580 8126 14.4 56081 8695 15.5 5 persons 30266 6984 23.1 30141 5444 18.1 31268 5821 18.6 6 or more persons 23552 9623 40.9 23774 8417 35.4 24177 8620 35.7 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 19996 81.4 28168 20446 72.6 28697 20749 72.3 Under .50 6928 5811 83.9 8816 6823 77.4 9410 7037 74.8 .50 to .74 7779 6496 83.5 9256 7203 77.8 9228 6952 75.3 .75 to .99 9872 7689 77.9 10097 6420 63.6 10060 6760 67.2 1.00 and over 217376 28988 13.3 219018 20160 9.2 221322 21722 9.8 1.00 to 1.24 11117 6344 57.1 10843 4825 44.5 11849 5338 45.1 1.25 to 1.49 10973 4465 40.7 10966 3538 32.3 11614 3306 28.5 1.50 to 1.99 24869 6663 26.8 25528 4200 16.5 26674 4898 18.4 2.00 to 2.99 50121 6438 12.8 50868 4380 8.6 50828 4780 9.4 3.00 and over 120295 5077 4.2 120814 3217 2.7 120358 3400 2.8 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 22677 82.3 31148 22901 73.5 31722 23361 73.6 Under .50 13929 12739 91.5 16089 13958 86.8 16233 13687 84.3 .50 to .74 5886 4457 75.7 6806 4595 67.5 6935 4569 65.9 .75 to .99 7728 5481 70.9 8253 4348 52.7 8554 5105 59.7 1.00 and over 214411 26306 12.3 216039 17705 8.2 218298 19109 8.8 1.00 to 1.24 10212 5439 53.3 9978 4050 40.6 10910 4220 38.7 1.25 to 1.49 10671 4064 38.1 10580 2988 28.2 11316 2825 25.0 1.50 to 1.99 24091 5869 24.4 24999 3716 14.9 26190 4728 18.1 2.00 to 2.99 49572 5986 12.1 50334 3995 7.9 49911 4011 8.0 3.00 and over 119865 4949 4.1 120147 2956 2.5 119971 3325 2.8 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 27041 61.4 48501 26428 54.5 50100 27037 54.0 Under .50 26784 18011 67.2 29788 18632 62.5 31798 19414 61.1 .50 to .74 8234 4472 54.3 8881 4288 48.3 8437 3742 44.4 .75 to .99 9002 4558 50.6 9832 3509 35.7 9865 3881 39.3 1.00 and over 197934 21942 11.1 198686 14178 7.1 199920 15433 7.7 1.00 to 1.24 10419 4389 42.1 10259 3090 30.1 11288 3283 29.1 1.25 to 1.49 10822 3648 33.7 10701 2280 21.3 10795 2293 21.2 1.50 to 1.99 23046 4788 20.8 24011 3057 12.7 24320 3802 15.6 2.00 to 2.99 44849 4796 10.7 44509 3197 7.2 45141 3224 7.1 3.00 and over 108799 4322 4.0 109206 2555 2.3 108376 2831 2.6 AFDC OR GENERAL ASSISTANCE (GA) All persons 241955 18784 7.8 247187 15714 6.4 250020 15111 6.0 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 11002 5.5 205820 8839 4.3 208483 8482 4.1 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 8214 4.5 187357 6384 3.4 188798 6046 3.2 Black 30086 6749 22.4 30878 5819 18.8 31237 5736 18.4 Hispanic origin 22221 3793 17.1 22885 3287 14.4 24442 3258 13.3 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 14990 6.8 224301 12426 5.5 225578 11853 5.3 Age Under 18 years 67420 10935 16.2 66745 9333 14.0 67626 8986 13.3 18 to 64 years 148823 7703 5.2 151969 6273 4.1 153519 6027 3.9 65 years and over 25711 145 0.6 28472 107 0.4 28875 98 0.3 Sex Male 117061 7452 6.4 120193 6102 5.1 121572 5871 4.8 Female 124894 11332 9.1 126994 9612 7.6 128448 9239 7.2 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 3577 10.1 38117 2995 7.9 39367 2858 7.3 High school graduate, no college 67239 2988 4.4 69124 2385 3.5 68121 2251 3.3 1 or more years of college 71762 1283 1.8 73200 1000 1.4 74906 1017 1.4 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 2575 10.4 26523 2355 8.9 25386 1912 7.5 With no work disability 144046 6524 4.5 145833 5002 3.4 148517 5188 3.5 Residence Metropolitan 183620 13947 7.6 188570 11632 6.2 189845 11430 6.0 Central city 68726 7640 11.1 70551 6593 9.3 73667 6875 9.3 Non-central city 114894 6307 5.5 118018 5040 4.3 116178 4556 3.9 Nonmetropolitan 58335 4836 8.3 58617 4081 7.0 60174 3680 6.1 Region Northeast 50029 4213 8.4 50709 3530 7.0 51667 3597 7.0 Midwest 63321 4235 6.7 63273 3640 5.8 64370 3252 5.1 South 78335 5925 7.6 80637 4804 6.0 81106 4668 5.8 West 50269 4411 8.8 52568 3739 7.1 52876 3594 6.8 Family Status In families 208813 18074 8.7 212391 15156 7.1 215902 14677 6.8 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 17284 12.4 139122 14742 10.6 140974 14192 10.1 In married-couple families 168698 6802 4.0 170599 4664 2.7 173164 4881 2.8 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 6367 5.8 108716 4505 4.1 110164 4657 4.2 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 10724 31.6 35142 10028 28.5 36434 9485 26.0 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 10390 39.8 26693 9784 36.7 27471 9232 33.6 Unrelated individuals 33142 710 2.1 34795 558 1.6 34118 434 1.3 In non-family households 30922 495 1.6 32256 421 1.3 31790 349 1.1 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 1634 1.7 94210 888 0.9 94010 738 0.8 Employed part-time 21332 811 3.8 22036 669 3.0 22779 564 2.5 Unemployed 5948 1165 19.6 6955 1021 14.7 7301 1021 14.0 Not in labor force 53546 4238 7.9 57241 3802 6.6 58303 3802 6.5 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 2889 2.7 108285 2000 1.8 108044 1919 1.8 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 2251 7.2 33122 2055 6.2 33517 1918 5.7 Never married 37173 2709 7.3 39034 2326 6.0 40833 2288 5.6 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 710 2.1 34795 558 1.6 34118 434 1.3 2 persons 53963 2147 4.0 56329 1734 3.1 56861 1825 3.2 3 persons 44796 3637 8.1 45567 3303 7.2 47515 2957 6.2 4 persons 56235 4413 7.8 56580 3718 6.6 56081 3283 5.9 5 persons 30266 2663 8.8 30141 2124 7.0 31268 2178 7.0 6 or more persons 23552 5214 22.1 23774 4276 18.0 24177 4435 18.3 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 11858 48.2 28168 11223 39.8 28697 10693 37.3 Under .50 6928 4344 62.7 8816 4739 53.8 9410 4594 48.8 .50 to .74 7779 4457 57.3 9256 4198 45.4 9228 4068 44.1 .75 to .99 9872 3057 31.0 10097 2287 22.6 10060 2031 20.2 1.00 and over 217376 6925 3.2 219018 4490 2.1 221322 4418 2.0 1.00 to 1.24 11117 1900 17.1 10843 1370 12.6 11849 1318 11.1 1.25 to 1.49 10973 1272 11.6 10966 726 6.6 11614 633 5.4 1.50 to 1.99 24869 1757 7.1 25528 788 3.1 26674 1166 4.4 2.00 to 2.99 50121 1195 2.4 50868 940 1.8 50828 914 1.8 3.00 and over 120295 801 0.7 120814 665 0.6 120358 388 0.3 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 13286 48.2 31148 12452 40.0 31722 11962 37.7 Under .50 13929 9770 70.1 16089 10273 63.9 16233 9355 57.6 .50 to .74 5886 1886 32.1 6806 1272 18.7 6935 1511 21.8 .75 to .99 7728 1629 21.1 8253 907 11.0 8554 1096 12.8 1.00 and over 214411 5498 2.6 216039 3261 1.5 218298 3148 1.4 1.00 to 1.24 10212 1556 15.2 9978 857 8.6 10910 713 6.5 1.25 to 1.49 10671 880 8.2 10580 489 4.6 11316 394 3.5 1.50 to 1.99 24091 1398 5.8 24999 721 2.9 26190 1047 4.0 2.00 to 2.99 49572 917 1.8 50334 679 1.3 49911 606 1.2 3.00 and over 119865 747 0.6 120147 515 0.4 119971 388 0.3 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 14116 32.1 48501 12829 26.5 50100 12379 24.7 Under .50 26784 10812 40.4 29788 11002 36.9 31798 10206 32.1 .50 to .74 8234 1802 21.9 8881 1163 13.1 8437 1236 14.6 .75 to .99 9002 1502 16.7 9832 663 6.7 9865 937 9.5 1.00 and over 197934 4667 2.4 198686 2885 1.5 199920 2732 1.4 1.00 to 1.24 10419 1147 11.0 10259 785 7.7 11288 575 5.1 1.25 to 1.49 10822 1030 9.5 10701 450 4.2 10795 537 5.0 1.50 to 1.99 23046 1014 4.4 24011 558 2.3 24320 792 3.3 2.00 to 2.99 44849 782 1.7 44509 643 1.4 45141 514 1.1 3.00 and over 108799 693 0.6 109206 449 0.4 108376 313 0.3 SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME (SSI) All persons 241955 6023 2.5 247187 5080 2.1 250020 5423 2.2 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 3855 1.9 205820 3354 1.6 208483 3456 1.7 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 3112 1.7 187357 2725 1.5 188798 2836 1.5 Black 30086 1859 6.2 30878 1475 4.8 31237 1712 5.5 Hispanic origin 22221 909 4.1 22885 752 3.3 24442 799 3.3 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 5114 2.3 224301 4327 1.9 225578 4625 2.1 Age Under 18 years 67420 139 0.2 66745 63 0.1 67626 40 0.1 18 to 64 years 148823 3923 2.6 151969 2899 1.9 153519 3327 2.2 65 years and over 25711 1961 7.6 28472 2117 7.4 28875 2056 7.1 Sex Male 117061 1909 1.6 120193 1646 1.4 121572 1725 1.4 Female 124894 4114 3.3 126994 3434 2.7 128448 3698 2.9 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 3566 10.0 38117 3220 8.4 39367 3490 8.9 High school graduate, no college 67239 1685 2.5 69124 1295 1.9 68121 1498 2.2 1 or more years of college 71762 633 0.9 73200 501 0.7 74906 394 0.5 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 3540 14.3 26523 2851 10.7 25386 3280 12.9 With no work disability 144046 1172 0.8 145833 702 0.5 148517 746 0.5 Residence Metropolitan 183620 4214 2.3 188570 3545 1.9 189845 3769 2.0 Central city 68726 2514 3.7 70551 2032 2.9 73667 2196 3.0 Non-central city 114894 1699 1.5 118018 1513 1.3 116178 1573 1.4 Nonmetropolitan 58335 1809 3.1 58617 1534 2.6 60174 1654 2.7 Region Northeast 50029 1204 2.4 50709 1000 2.0 51667 1119 2.2 Midwest 63321 1088 1.7 63273 873 1.4 64370 928 1.4 South 78335 2417 3.1 80637 2037 2.5 81106 2211 2.7 West 50269 1313 2.6 52568 1170 2.2 52876 1165 2.2 Family Status In families 208813 4146 2.0 212391 3312 1.6 215902 3657 1.7 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 2367 1.7 139122 1699 1.2 140974 1841 1.3 In married-couple families 168698 2022 1.2 170599 1578 0.9 173164 1794 1.0 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 1064 1.0 108716 747 0.7 110164 815 0.7 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 1883 5.5 35142 1484 4.2 36434 1669 4.6 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 1205 4.6 26693 862 3.2 27471 954 3.5 Unrelated individuals 33142 1877 5.7 34795 1767 5.1 34118 1766 5.2 In non-family households 30922 1808 5.8 32256 1705 5.3 31790 1700 5.3 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 498 0.5 94210 324 0.3 94010 228 0.2 Employed part-time 21332 363 1.7 22036 218 1.0 22779 274 1.2 Unemployed 5948 284 4.8 6955 159 2.3 7301 96 1.3 Not in labor force 53546 4739 8.9 57241 4315 7.5 58303 4785 8.2 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 1620 1.5 108285 1209 1.1 108044 1343 1.2 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 2621 8.4 33122 2492 7.5 33517 2417 7.2 Never married 37173 1644 4.4 39034 1315 3.4 40833 1623 4.0 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 1877 5.7 34795 1767 5.1 34118 1766 5.2 2 persons 53963 1406 2.6 56329 1262 2.2 56861 1318 2.3 3 persons 44796 1013 2.3 45567 796 1.7 47515 751 1.6 4 persons 56235 700 1.2 56580 505 0.9 56081 578 1.0 5 persons 30266 341 1.1 30141 262 0.9 31268 427 1.4 6 or more persons 23552 686 2.9 23774 487 2.0 24177 584 2.4 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 2631 10.7 28168 2101 7.5 28697 2488 8.7 Under .50 6928 254 3.7 8816 147 1.7 9410 203 2.2 .50 to .74 7779 768 9.9 9256 623 6.7 9228 883 9.6 .75 to .99 9872 1609 16.3 10097 1331 13.2 10060 1402 13.9 1.00 and over 217376 3392 1.6 219018 2979 1.4 221322 2935 1.3 1.00 to 1.24 11117 877 7.9 10843 814 7.5 11849 797 6.7 1.25 to 1.49 10973 390 3.6 10966 494 4.5 11614 402 3.5 1.50 to 1.99 24869 859 3.5 25528 640 2.5 26674 698 2.6 2.00 to 2.99 50121 698 1.4 50868 520 1.0 50828 592 1.2 3.00 and over 120295 568 0.5 120814 511 0.4 120358 446 0.4 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 3727 13.5 31148 3158 10.1 31722 3639 11.5 Under .50 13929 2133 15.3 16089 1820 11.3 16233 2109 13.0 .50 to .74 5886 860 14.6 6806 723 10.6 6935 863 12.4 .75 to .99 7728 734 9.5 8253 615 7.5 8554 667 7.8 1.00 and over 214411 2296 1.1 216039 1922 0.9 218298 1784 0.8 1.00 to 1.24 10212 395 3.9 9978 452 4.5 10910 286 2.6 1.25 to 1.49 10671 363 3.4 10580 301 2.8 11316 297 2.6 1.50 to 1.99 24091 517 2.1 24999 339 1.4 26190 495 1.9 2.00 to 2.99 49572 507 1.0 50334 415 0.8 49911 334 0.7 3.00 and over 119865 513 0.4 120147 414 0.3 119971 372 0.3 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 4463 10.1 48501 3862 8.0 50100 4263 8.5 Under .50 26784 3700 13.8 29788 3347 11.2 31798 3766 11.8 .50 to .74 8234 386 4.7 8881 198 2.2 8437 243 2.9 .75 to .99 9002 377 4.2 9832 317 3.2 9865 254 2.6 1.00 and over 197934 1560 0.8 198686 1218 0.6 199920 1160 0.6 1.00 to 1.24 10419 246 2.4 10259 237 2.3 11288 204 1.8 1.25 to 1.49 10822 276 2.6 10701 174 1.6 10795 192 1.8 1.50 to 1.99 23046 317 1.4 24011 227 0.9 24320 271 1.1 2.00 to 2.99 44849 300 0.7 44509 218 0.5 45141 164 0.4 3.00 and over 108799 421 0.4 109206 363 0.3 108376 330 0.3 AFDC GA OR SSI All persons 241955 23535 9.7 247187 20034 8.1 250020 19732 7.9 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 14194 7.0 205820 11782 5.7 208483 11593 5.6 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 10806 5.9 187357 8776 4.7 188798 8610 4.6 Black 30086 8055 26.8 30878 6987 22.6 31237 7038 22.5 Hispanic origin 22221 4495 20.2 22885 3931 17.2 24442 3929 16.1 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 19040 8.7 224301 16103 7.2 225578 15803 7.0 Age Under 18 years 67420 11024 16.4 66745 9379 14.1 67626 9017 13.3 18 to 64 years 148823 10477 7.0 151969 8486 5.6 153519 8620 5.6 65 years and over 25711 2034 7.9 28472 2169 7.6 28875 2095 7.3 Sex Male 117061 9014 7.7 120193 7540 6.3 121572 7401 6.1 Female 124894 14521 11.6 126994 12493 9.8 128448 12330 9.6 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 6467 18.2 38117 5789 15.2 39367 5884 14.9 High school graduate, no college 67239 4245 6.3 69124 3460 5.0 68121 3447 5.1 1 or more years of college 71762 1798 2.5 73200 1406 1.9 74906 1384 1.8 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 5201 21.0 26523 4605 17.4 25386 4617 18.2 With no work disability 144046 7377 5.1 145833 5578 3.8 148517 5738 3.9 Residence Metropolitan 183620 17271 9.4 188570 14697 7.8 189845 14657 7.7 Central city 68726 9482 13.8 70551 8254 11.7 73667 8677 11.8 Non-central city 114894 7789 6.8 118018 6443 5.5 116178 5979 5.1 Nonmetropolitan 58335 6264 10.7 58617 5337 9.1 60174 5075 8.4 Region Northeast 50029 5090 10.2 50709 4353 8.6 51667 4482 8.7 Midwest 63321 5102 8.1 63273 4391 6.9 64370 4063 6.3 South 78335 7884 10.1 80637 6520 8.1 81106 6566 8.1 West 50269 5459 10.9 52568 4770 9.1 52876 4621 8.7 Family Status In families 208813 21080 10.1 212391 17780 8.4 215902 17578 8.1 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 18676 13.4 139122 15817 11.4 140974 15373 10.9 In married-couple families 168698 8456 5.0 170599 6052 3.5 173164 6452 3.7 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 7138 6.5 108716 5070 4.7 110164 5315 4.8 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 11856 34.9 35142 11023 31.4 36434 10636 29.2 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 10932 41.9 26693 10212 38.3 27471 9697 35.3 Unrelated individuals 33142 2455 7.4 34795 2254 6.5 34118 2153 6.3 In non-family households 30922 2192 7.1 32256 2063 6.4 31790 2011 6.3 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 2065 2.2 94210 1176 1.2 94010 925 1.0 Employed part-time 21332 1118 5.2 22036 858 3.9 22779 830 3.6 Unemployed 5948 1331 22.4 6955 1117 16.1 7301 1078 14.8 Not in labor force 53546 7997 14.9 57241 7505 13.1 58303 7881 13.5 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 4140 3.9 108285 2995 2.8 108044 3010 2.8 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 4439 14.2 33122 4238 12.8 33517 4075 12.2 Never married 37173 3932 10.6 39034 3422 8.8 40833 3630 8.9 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 2455 7.4 34795 2254 6.5 34118 2153 6.3 2 persons 53963 3317 6.1 56329 2840 5.0 56861 2995 5.3 3 persons 44796 4388 9.8 45567 3930 8.6 47515 3564 7.5 4 persons 56235 4786 8.5 56580 4007 7.1 56081 3682 6.6 5 persons 30266 2893 9.6 30141 2326 7.7 31268 2492 8.0 6 or more persons 23552 5696 24.2 23774 4677 19.7 24177 4845 20.0 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 13632 55.5 28168 12830 45.5 28697 12663 44.1 Under .50 6928 4449 64.2 8816 4806 54.5 9410 4717 50.1 .50 to .74 7779 4868 62.6 9256 4603 49.7 9228 4681 50.7 .75 to .99 9872 4315 43.7 10097 3421 33.9 10060 3265 32.5 1.00 and over 217376 9903 4.6 219018 7204 3.3 221322 7069 3.2 1.00 to 1.24 11117 2659 23.9 10843 2070 19.1 11849 2029 17.1 1.25 to 1.49 10973 1568 14.3 10966 1169 10.7 11614 946 8.1 1.50 to 1.99 24869 2542 10.2 25528 1386 5.4 26674 1817 6.8 2.00 to 2.99 50121 1789 3.6 50868 1424 2.8 50828 1451 2.9 3.00 and over 120295 1345 1.1 120814 1155 1.0 120358 826 0.7 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 15949 57.9 31148 14955 48.0 31722 14897 47.0 Under .50 13929 11069 79.5 16089 11523 71.6 16233 10920 67.3 .50 to .74 5886 2631 44.7 6806 1973 29.0 6935 2302 33.2 .75 to .99 7728 2249 29.1 8253 1459 17.7 8554 1674 19.6 1.00 and over 214411 7586 3.5 216039 5079 2.4 218298 4835 2.2 1.00 to 1.24 10212 1884 18.4 9978 1286 12.9 10910 985 9.0 1.25 to 1.49 10671 1206 11.3 10580 766 7.2 11316 670 5.9 1.50 to 1.99 24091 1900 7.9 24999 1038 4.2 26190 1533 5.9 2.00 to 2.99 49572 1359 2.7 50334 1060 2.1 49911 896 1.8 3.00 and over 119865 1237 1.0 120147 929 0.8 119971 752 0.6 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 17466 39.7 48501 15994 33.0 50100 15929 31.8 Under .50 26784 13569 50.7 29788 13722 46.1 31798 13346 42.0 .50 to .74 8234 2096 25.5 8881 1334 15.0 8437 1443 17.1 .75 to .99 9002 1801 20.0 9832 939 9.5 9865 1139 11.5 1.00 and over 197934 6069 3.1 198686 4040 2.0 199920 3803 1.9 1.00 to 1.24 10419 1338 12.8 10259 1008 9.8 11288 756 6.7 1.25 to 1.49 10822 1283 11.9 10701 601 5.6 10795 716 6.6 1.50 to 1.99 23046 1324 5.7 24011 770 3.2 24320 1031 4.2 2.00 to 2.99 44849 1024 2.3 44509 848 1.9 45141 657 1.5 3.00 and over 108799 1099 1.0 109206 812 0.7 108376 643 0.6 FOOD STAMPS All persons 241955 31862 13.2 247187 25837 10.5 250020 27113 10.8 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 20545 10.2 205820 15770 7.7 208483 17231 8.3 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 15306 8.3 187357 11552 6.2 188798 12423 6.6 Black 30086 9853 32.7 30878 8716 28.2 31237 8605 27.5 Hispanic origin 22221 6554 29.5 22885 5309 23.2 24442 5859 24.0 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 25308 11.5 224301 20528 9.2 225578 21253 9.4 Age Under 18 years 67420 15762 23.4 66745 13177 19.7 67626 13634 20.2 18 to 64 years 148823 14626 9.8 151969 11363 7.5 153519 12079 7.9 65 years and over 25711 1474 5.7 28472 1297 4.6 28875 1400 4.8 Sex Male 117061 13332 11.4 120193 10757 8.9 121572 11341 9.3 Female 124894 18530 14.8 126994 15079 11.9 128448 15771 12.3 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 7309 20.6 38117 6026 15.8 39367 6435 16.3 High school graduate, no college 67239 6325 9.4 69124 4854 7.0 68121 4935 7.2 1 or more years of college 71762 2466 3.4 73200 1780 2.4 74906 2109 2.8 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 5183 20.9 26523 4323 16.3 25386 4366 17.2 With no work disability 144046 11931 8.3 145833 8865 6.1 148517 9808 6.6 Residence Metropolitan 183620 22238 12.1 188570 18014 9.6 189845 19340 10.2 Central city 68726 11713 17.0 70551 9898 14.0 73667 10950 14.9 Non-central city 114894 10525 9.2 118018 8117 6.9 116178 8390 7.2 Nonmetropolitan 58335 9624 16.5 58617 7822 13.3 60174 7772 12.9 Region Northeast 50029 5983 12.0 50709 4850 9.6 51667 5113 9.9 Midwest 63321 6462 10.2 63273 5157 8.2 64370 5398 8.4 South 78335 13224 16.9 80637 11029 13.7 81106 11228 13.8 West 50269 6194 12.3 52568 4801 9.1 52876 5373 10.2 Family Status In families 208813 29011 13.9 212391 23587 11.1 215902 24703 11.4 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 26594 19.1 139122 21983 15.8 140974 22648 16.1 In married-couple families 168698 14218 8.4 170599 10196 6.0 173164 11352 6.6 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 12871 11.7 108716 9364 8.6 110164 10289 9.3 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 13736 40.4 35142 12629 35.9 36434 12643 34.7 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 12830 49.1 26693 11918 44.6 27471 11782 42.9 Unrelated individuals 33142 2850 8.6 34795 2250 6.5 34118 2409 7.1 In non-family households 30922 2469 8.0 32256 2029 6.3 31790 2176 6.8 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 4299 4.6 94210 2531 2.7 94010 2509 2.7 Employed part-time 21332 1889 8.9 22036 1431 6.5 22779 1658 7.3 Unemployed 5948 1982 33.3 6955 1790 25.7 7301 1725 23.6 Not in labor force 53546 7930 14.8 57241 6908 12.1 58303 7586 13.0 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 6666 6.3 108285 4803 4.4 108044 5069 4.7 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 4901 15.7 33122 4244 12.8 33517 4332 12.9 Never married 37173 4532 12.2 39034 3613 9.3 40833 4077 10.0 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 2850 8.6 34795 2250 6.5 34118 2409 7.1 2 persons 53963 3764 7.0 56329 3071 5.5 56861 3334 5.9 3 persons 44796 5881 13.1 45567 4810 10.6 47515 4736 10.0 4 persons 56235 6784 12.1 56580 5383 9.5 56081 5922 10.6 5 persons 30266 4866 16.1 30141 3903 12.9 31268 3914 12.5 6 or more persons 23552 7717 32.8 23774 6421 27.0 24177 6797 28.1 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 17477 71.1 28168 17321 61.5 28697 17717 61.7 Under .50 6928 5280 76.2 8816 5968 67.7 9410 6372 67.7 .50 to .74 7779 5963 76.7 9256 6453 69.7 9228 6125 66.4 .75 to .99 9872 6233 63.1 10097 4899 48.5 10060 5220 51.9 1.00 and over 217376 14385 6.6 219018 8516 3.9 221322 9396 4.2 1.00 to 1.24 11117 4410 39.7 10843 2896 26.7 11849 3441 29.0 1.25 to 1.49 10973 3004 27.4 10966 1917 17.5 11614 1721 14.8 1.50 to 1.99 24869 3669 14.8 25528 1739 6.8 26674 2079 7.8 2.00 to 2.99 50121 2441 4.9 50868 1315 2.6 50828 1626 3.2 3.00 and over 120295 862 0.7 120814 650 0.5 120358 527 0.4 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 19500 70.8 31148 18795 60.3 31722 19372 61.1 Under .50 13929 11450 82.2 16089 12185 75.7 16233 12096 74.5 .50 to .74 5886 3643 61.9 6806 3576 52.5 6935 3695 53.3 .75 to .99 7728 4406 57.0 8253 3035 36.8 8554 3582 41.9 1.00 and over 214411 12362 5.8 216039 7042 3.3 218298 7740 3.5 1.00 to 1.24 10212 3664 35.9 9978 2300 23.0 10910 2633 24.1 1.25 to 1.49 10671 2492 23.4 10580 1526 14.4 11316 1245 11.0 1.50 to 1.99 24091 3115 12.9 24999 1573 6.3 26190 2049 7.8 2.00 to 2.99 49572 2298 4.6 50334 1114 2.2 49911 1285 2.6 3.00 and over 119865 793 0.7 120147 529 0.4 119971 527 0.4 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 21654 49.2 48501 20146 41.5 50100 20888 41.7 Under .50 26784 14509 54.2 29788 14462 48.6 31798 15149 47.6 .50 to .74 8234 3599 43.7 8881 3333 37.5 8437 3109 36.8 .75 to .99 9002 3547 39.4 9832 2351 23.9 9865 2631 26.7 1.00 and over 197934 10208 5.2 198686 5690 2.9 199920 6224 3.1 1.00 to 1.24 10419 2746 26.4 10259 1750 17.1 11288 1969 17.4 1.25 to 1.49 10822 2436 22.5 10701 1216 11.4 10795 1127 10.4 1.50 to 1.99 23046 2645 11.5 24011 1359 5.7 24320 1653 6.8 2.00 to 2.99 44849 1647 3.7 44509 942 2.1 45141 983 2.2 3.00 and over 108799 733 0.7 109206 422 0.4 108376 492 0.5 MEDICAID All persons 241955 34639 14.3 247187 28334 11.5 250020 30429 12.2 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 22713 11.3 205820 17825 8.7 208483 19781 9.5 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 17245 9.4 187357 13267 7.1 188798 14683 7.8 Black 30086 10200 33.9 30878 8941 29.0 31237 9129 29.2 Hispanic origin 22221 6959 31.3 22885 5770 25.2 24442 6367 26.0 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 27680 12.6 224301 22564 10.1 225578 24063 10.7 Age Under 18 years 67420 17670 26.2 66745 14402 21.6 67626 15250 22.6 18 to 64 years 148823 14154 9.5 151969 11181 7.4 153519 12368 8.1 65 years and over 25711 2815 10.9 28472 2751 9.7 28875 2812 9.7 Sex Male 117061 13719 11.7 120193 11167 9.3 121572 11690 9.6 Female 124894 20921 16.8 126994 17168 13.5 128448 18739 14.6 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 8429 23.7 38117 7311 19.2 39367 7882 20.0 High school graduate, no college 67239 6039 9.0 69124 4813 7.0 68121 5116 7.5 1 or more years of college 71762 2501 3.5 73200 1808 2.5 74906 2182 2.9 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 6473 26.1 26523 5556 20.9 25386 5901 23.2 With no work disability 144046 10639 7.4 145833 7997 5.5 148517 8913 6.0 Residence Metropolitan 183620 24641 13.4 188570 20241 10.7 189845 21849 11.5 Central city 68726 13039 19.0 70551 11044 15.7 73667 12095 16.4 Non-central city 114894 11602 10.1 118018 9197 7.8 116178 9754 8.4 Nonmetropolitan 58335 9998 17.1 58617 8093 13.8 60174 8580 14.3 Region Northeast 50029 7254 14.5 50709 5842 11.5 51667 6358 12.3 Midwest 63321 7135 11.3 63273 5788 9.1 64370 6036 9.4 South 78335 12162 15.5 80637 9791 12.1 81106 10624 13.1 West 50269 8089 16.1 52568 6913 13.2 52876 7411 14.0 Family Status In families 208813 30986 14.8 212391 25101 11.8 215902 27313 12.7 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 27576 19.8 139122 22456 16.1 140974 24145 17.1 In married-couple families 168698 15290 9.1 170599 10854 6.4 173164 12712 7.3 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 13277 12.1 108716 9439 8.7 110164 11009 10.0 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 14452 42.5 35142 13214 37.6 36434 13754 37.8 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 13292 50.9 26693 12218 45.8 27471 12501 45.5 Unrelated individuals 33142 3653 11.0 34795 3233 9.3 34118 3116 9.1 In non-family households 30922 3102 10.0 32256 2746 8.5 31790 2753 8.7 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 3193 3.4 94210 1863 2.0 94010 1790 1.9 Employed part-time 21332 1868 8.8 22036 1489 6.8 22779 1669 7.3 Unemployed 5948 1635 27.5 6955 1414 20.3 7301 1451 19.9 Not in labor force 53546 10272 19.2 57241 9166 16.0 58303 10270 17.6 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 6100 5.7 108285 4396 4.1 108044 4873 4.5 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 5783 18.5 33122 5295 16.0 33517 5323 15.9 Never married 37173 5086 13.7 39034 4241 10.9 40833 4984 12.2 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 3653 11.0 34795 3233 9.3 34118 3116 9.1 2 persons 53963 4600 8.5 56329 3725 6.6 56861 4367 7.7 3 persons 44796 6293 14.0 45567 5192 11.4 47515 5526 11.6 4 persons 56235 7642 13.6 56580 6175 10.9 56081 6278 11.2 5 persons 30266 4878 16.1 30141 3728 12.4 31268 4346 13.9 6 or more persons 23552 7574 32.2 23774 6281 26.4 24177 6797 28.1 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 17246 70.2 28168 16492 58.5 28697 16937 59.0 Under .50 6928 5287 76.3 8816 5855 66.4 9410 6049 64.3 .50 to .74 7779 5812 74.7 9256 5837 63.1 9228 5886 63.8 .75 to .99 9872 6146 62.3 10097 4800 47.5 10060 5003 49.7 1.00 and over 217376 17393 8.0 219018 11842 5.4 221322 13492 6.1 1.00 to 1.24 11117 4372 39.3 10843 3107 28.7 11849 3782 31.9 1.25 to 1.49 10973 2779 25.3 10966 2089 19.1 11614 2055 17.7 1.50 to 1.99 24869 4125 16.6 25528 2349 9.2 26674 3146 11.8 2.00 to 2.99 50121 3377 6.7 50868 2501 4.9 50828 2628 5.2 3.00 and over 120295 2740 2.3 120814 1795 1.5 120358 1882 1.6 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 19733 71.6 31148 18731 60.1 31722 19328 60.9 Under .50 13929 12028 86.4 16089 12694 78.9 16233 12390 76.3 .50 to .74 5886 3645 61.9 6806 3254 47.8 6935 3506 50.6 .75 to .99 7728 4060 52.5 8253 2784 33.7 8554 3431 40.1 1.00 and over 214411 14907 7.0 216039 9603 4.4 218298 11102 5.1 1.00 to 1.24 10212 3535 34.6 9978 2283 22.9 10910 2732 25.0 1.25 to 1.49 10671 2432 22.8 10580 1698 16.1 11316 1674 14.8 1.50 to 1.99 24091 3353 13.9 24999 1912 7.6 26190 2886 11.0 2.00 to 2.99 49572 2957 6.0 50334 2154 4.3 49911 2003 4.0 3.00 and over 119865 2630 2.2 120147 1555 1.3 119971 1807 1.5 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 22417 50.9 48501 20660 42.6 50100 21560 43.0 Under .50 26784 15825 59.1 29788 15771 52.9 31798 16351 51.4 .50 to .74 8234 3394 41.2 8881 2697 30.4 8437 2604 30.9 .75 to .99 9002 3199 35.5 9832 2192 22.3 9865 2604 26.4 1.00 and over 197934 12222 6.2 198686 7675 3.9 199920 8869 4.4 1.00 to 1.24 10419 2737 26.3 10259 1725 16.8 11288 2086 18.5 1.25 to 1.49 10822 2374 21.9 10701 1427 13.3 10795 1465 13.6 1.50 to 1.99 23046 2525 11.0 24011 1557 6.5 24320 2244 9.2 2.00 to 2.99 44849 2245 5.0 44509 1592 3.6 45141 1545 3.4 3.00 and over 108799 2342 2.2 109206 1374 1.3 108376 1529 1.4 HOUSING ASSISTANCE All persons 241955 16050 6.6 247187 13617 5.5 250020 13103 5.2 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 10050 5.0 205820 8086 3.9 208483 7793 3.7 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 8229 4.5 187357 6445 3.4 188798 6452 3.4 Black 30086 5336 17.7 30878 4825 15.6 31237 4656 14.9 Hispanic origin 22221 2781 12.5 22885 2299 10.0 24442 2183 8.9 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 13269 6.0 224301 11318 5.0 225578 10920 4.8 Age Under 18 years 67420 6253 9.3 66745 5379 8.1 67626 5060 7.5 18 to 64 years 148823 7893 5.3 151969 6439 4.2 153519 6206 4.0 65 years and over 25711 1904 7.4 28472 1799 6.3 28875 1837 6.4 Sex Male 117061 6516 5.6 120193 5685 4.7 121572 5286 4.3 Female 124894 9534 7.6 126994 7932 6.2 128448 7817 6.1 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 3788 10.7 38117 3488 9.2 39367 3324 8.4 High school graduate, no college 67239 3591 5.3 69124 2980 4.3 68121 2754 4.0 1 or more years of college 71762 2418 3.4 73200 1770 2.4 74906 1965 2.6 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 2351 9.5 26523 2228 8.4 25386 2039 8.0 With no work disability 144046 6915 4.8 145833 5315 3.6 148517 5167 3.5 Residence Metropolitan 183620 12277 6.7 188570 10520 5.6 189845 9954 5.2 Central city 68726 6984 10.2 70551 6289 8.9 73667 6281 8.5 Non-central city 114894 5293 4.6 118018 4232 3.6 116178 3674 3.2 Nonmetropolitan 58335 3773 6.5 58617 3097 5.3 60174 3149 5.2 Region Northeast 50029 4251 8.5 50709 3647 7.2 51667 3657 7.1 Midwest 63321 4216 6.7 63273 3662 5.8 64370 3421 5.3 South 78335 4711 6.0 80637 3784 4.7 81106 3592 4.4 West 50269 2872 5.7 52568 2524 4.8 52876 2433 4.6 Family Status In families 208813 12654 6.1 212391 10428 4.9 215902 10147 4.7 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 10914 7.8 139122 9076 6.5 140974 8849 6.3 In married-couple families 168698 5307 3.1 170599 3921 2.3 173164 3971 2.3 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 4146 3.8 108716 3013 2.8 110164 3223 2.9 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 6986 20.6 35142 6133 17.5 36434 5935 16.3 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 6457 24.7 26693 5749 21.5 27471 5448 19.8 Unrelated individuals 33142 3396 10.2 34795 3188 9.2 34118 2956 8.7 In non-family households 30922 3168 10.2 32256 2926 9.1 31790 2783 8.8 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 3290 3.5 94210 2415 2.6 94010 2163 2.3 Employed part-time 21332 1151 5.4 22036 845 3.8 22779 839 3.7 Unemployed 5948 695 11.7 6955 652 9.4 7301 581 8.0 Not in labor force 53546 4661 8.7 57241 4327 7.6 58303 4460 7.7 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 2995 2.8 108285 2268 2.1 108044 2092 1.9 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 3655 11.7 33122 3330 10.1 33517 3233 9.6 Never married 37173 3147 8.5 39034 2640 6.8 40833 2719 6.7 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 3396 10.2 34795 3188 9.2 34118 2956 8.7 2 persons 53963 2578 4.8 56329 2182 3.9 56861 2295 4.0 3 persons 44796 3099 6.9 45567 2585 5.7 47515 2335 4.9 4 persons 56235 3143 5.6 56580 2291 4.0 56081 2489 4.4 5 persons 30266 1907 6.3 30141 1356 4.5 31268 1547 4.9 6 or more persons 23552 1927 8.2 23774 2015 8.5 24177 1481 6.1 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 7330 29.8 28168 7154 25.4 28697 6590 23.0 Under .50 6928 2496 36.0 8816 2802 31.8 9410 2820 30.0 .50 to .74 7779 2641 34.0 9256 2344 25.3 9228 1989 21.5 .75 to .99 9872 2193 22.2 10097 2009 19.9 10060 1781 17.7 1.00 and over 217376 8721 4.0 219018 6463 3.0 221322 6514 2.9 1.00 to 1.24 11117 1692 15.2 10843 1364 12.6 11849 1515 12.8 1.25 to 1.49 10973 1185 10.8 10966 1095 10.0 11614 983 8.5 1.50 to 1.99 24869 1786 7.2 25528 1273 5.0 26674 1210 4.5 2.00 to 2.99 50121 2089 4.2 50868 1572 3.1 50828 1528 3.0 3.00 and over 120295 1968 1.6 120814 1158 1.0 120358 1277 1.1 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 8093 29.4 31148 7794 25.0 31722 7419 23.4 Under .50 13929 5505 39.5 16089 5537 34.4 16233 5094 31.4 .50 to .74 5886 1440 24.5 6806 1265 18.6 6935 1179 17.0 .75 to .99 7728 1147 14.8 8253 991 12.0 8554 1146 13.4 1.00 and over 214411 7958 3.7 216039 5823 2.7 218298 5684 2.6 1.00 to 1.24 10212 1356 13.3 9978 1211 12.1 10910 966 8.9 1.25 to 1.49 10671 1006 9.4 10580 790 7.5 11316 811 7.2 1.50 to 1.99 24091 1566 6.5 24999 1152 4.6 26190 1248 4.8 2.00 to 2.99 49572 2061 4.2 50334 1511 3.0 49911 1381 2.8 3.00 and over 119865 1968 1.6 120147 1158 1.0 119971 1277 1.1 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 9521 21.6 48501 9125 18.8 50100 8658 17.3 Under .50 26784 7535 28.1 29788 7339 24.6 31798 7087 22.3 .50 to .74 8234 1259 15.3 8881 1093 12.3 8437 763 9.0 .75 to .99 9002 727 8.1 9832 693 7.1 9865 808 8.2 1.00 and over 197934 6529 3.3 198686 4492 2.3 199920 4445 2.2 1.00 to 1.24 10419 1093 10.5 10259 845 8.2 11288 681 6.0 1.25 to 1.49 10822 653 6.0 10701 470 4.4 10795 437 4.0 1.50 to 1.99 23046 1333 5.8 24011 910 3.8 24320 1111 4.6 2.00 to 2.99 44849 1810 4.0 44509 1268 2.8 45141 1132 2.5 3.00 and over 108799 1640 1.5 109206 999 0.9 108376 1084 1.0 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION All persons 241955 19348 8.0 247187 10641 4.3 250020 11868 4.7 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 16323 8.1 205820 9005 4.4 208483 10103 4.8 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 14737 8.0 187357 8112 4.3 188798 8902 4.7 Black 30086 2291 7.6 30878 1301 4.2 31237 1342 4.3 Hispanic origin 22221 1991 9.0 22885 1127 4.9 24442 1414 5.8 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 17357 7.9 224301 9514 4.2 225578 10454 4.6 Age Under 18 years 67420 335 0.5 66745 42 0.1 67626 104 0.2 18 to 64 years 148823 18811 12.6 151969 10480 6.9 153519 11621 7.6 65 years and over 25711 202 0.8 28472 120 0.4 28875 143 0.5 Sex Male 117061 11577 9.9 120193 6702 5.6 121572 7395 6.1 Female 124894 7771 6.2 126994 3940 3.1 128448 4473 3.5 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 3639 10.2 38117 2246 5.9 39367 2498 6.3 High school graduate, no college 67239 8642 12.9 69124 4893 7.1 68121 5175 7.6 1 or more years of college 71762 6732 9.4 73200 3460 4.7 74906 4090 5.5 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 2379 9.6 26523 1417 5.3 25386 1463 5.8 With no work disability 144046 16842 11.7 145833 9178 6.3 148517 10326 7.0 Residence Metropolitan 183620 14365 7.8 188570 7923 4.2 189845 8770 4.6 Central city 68726 5167 7.5 70551 2854 4.0 73667 3246 4.4 Non-central city 114894 9198 8.0 118018 5069 4.3 116178 5525 4.8 Nonmetropolitan 58335 4983 8.5 58617 2719 4.6 60174 3098 5.1 Region Northeast 50029 4429 8.9 50709 2437 4.8 51667 2813 5.4 Midwest 63321 4927 7.8 63273 2947 4.7 64370 2984 4.6 South 78335 5710 7.3 80637 3026 3.8 81106 3270 4.0 West 50269 4281 8.5 52568 2232 4.2 52876 2801 5.3 Family Status In families 208813 15558 7.5 212391 8454 4.0 215902 9461 4.4 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 9238 6.6 139122 4962 3.6 140974 5466 3.9 In married-couple families 168698 12460 7.4 170599 6714 3.9 173164 7498 4.3 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 7370 6.7 108716 3942 3.6 110164 4339 3.9 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 2407 7.1 35142 1320 3.8 36434 1479 4.1 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 1543 5.9 26693 826 3.1 27471 951 3.5 Unrelated individuals 33142 3790 11.4 34795 2187 6.3 34118 2407 7.1 In non-family households 30922 3340 10.8 32256 1913 5.9 31790 2088 6.6 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 12667 13.5 94210 6540 6.9 94010 5908 6.3 Employed part-time 21332 2587 12.1 22036 1233 5.6 22779 1423 6.2 Unemployed 5948 2210 37.2 6955 2041 29.3 7301 3269 44.8 Not in labor force 53546 1549 2.9 57241 785 1.4 58303 1163 2.0 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 10649 10.0 108285 5993 5.5 108044 6537 6.1 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 3248 10.4 33122 1793 5.4 33517 2056 6.1 Never married 37173 5116 13.8 39034 2813 7.2 40833 3171 7.8 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 3790 11.4 34795 2187 6.3 34118 2407 7.1 2 persons 53963 4187 7.8 56329 2414 4.3 56861 2608 4.6 3 persons 44796 4275 9.5 45567 2312 5.1 47515 2606 5.5 4 persons 56235 3970 7.1 56580 2096 3.7 56081 2151 3.8 5 persons 30266 1815 6.0 30141 970 3.2 31268 1305 4.2 6 or more persons 23552 1312 5.6 23774 663 2.8 24177 791 3.3 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 1414 5.8 28168 922 3.3 28697 1351 4.7 Under .50 6928 298 4.3 8816 238 2.7 9410 266 2.8 .50 to .74 7779 447 5.8 9256 227 2.5 9228 502 5.4 .75 to .99 9872 668 6.8 10097 457 4.5 10060 583 5.8 1.00 and over 217376 17934 8.3 219018 9720 4.4 221322 10517 4.8 1.00 to 1.24 11117 919 8.3 10843 572 5.3 11849 659 5.6 1.25 to 1.49 10973 1033 9.4 10966 599 5.5 11614 621 5.3 1.50 to 1.99 24869 2216 8.9 25528 1393 5.5 26674 1613 6.0 2.00 to 2.99 50121 4680 9.3 50868 2598 5.1 50828 2587 5.1 3.00 and over 120295 9086 7.6 120814 4556 3.8 120358 5036 4.2 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 1587 5.8 31148 1003 3.2 31722 1461 4.6 Under .50 13929 452 3.2 16089 298 1.9 16233 333 2.1 .50 to .74 5886 433 7.4 6806 243 3.6 6935 496 7.2 .75 to .99 7728 702 9.1 8253 463 5.6 8554 632 7.4 1.00 and over 214411 17761 8.3 216039 9638 4.5 218298 10407 4.8 1.00 to 1.24 10212 914 9.0 9978 597 6.0 10910 630 5.8 1.25 to 1.49 10671 947 8.9 10580 597 5.6 11316 672 5.9 1.50 to 1.99 24091 2205 9.2 24999 1351 5.4 26190 1563 6.0 2.00 to 2.99 49572 4648 9.4 50334 2554 5.1 49911 2532 5.1 3.00 and over 119865 9046 7.5 120147 4539 3.8 119971 5010 4.2 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 2658 6.0 48501 1968 4.1 50100 2621 5.2 Under .50 26784 1058 4.0 29788 848 2.8 31798 1381 4.3 .50 to .74 8234 708 8.6 8881 476 5.4 8437 525 6.2 .75 to .99 9002 891 9.9 9832 644 6.6 9865 715 7.2 1.00 and over 197934 16690 8.4 198686 8674 4.4 199920 9247 4.6 1.00 to 1.24 10419 1109 10.6 10259 617 6.0 11288 736 6.5 1.25 to 1.49 10822 966 8.9 10701 649 6.1 10795 716 6.6 1.50 to 1.99 23046 2352 10.2 24011 1293 5.4 24320 1353 5.6 2.00 to 2.99 44849 4345 9.7 44509 2308 5.2 45141 2411 5.3 3.00 and over 108799 7918 7.3 109206 3807 3.5 108376 4031 3.7 Total Number Percent Total Number Percent Total Number Percent SOCIAL SECURITY AND RAILROAD RETIREMENT All persons 241955 40153 16.6 247187 38785 15.7 250020 39285 15.7 Race and Hispanic origin White 201822 34787 17.2 205820 33815 16.4 208483 34288 16.4 Not of Hispanic origin2 184021 33025 17.9 187357 32177 17.2 188798 32746 17.3 Black 30086 4663 15.5 30878 4417 14.3 31237 4376 14.0 Hispanic origin 22221 2369 10.7 22885 2150 9.4 24442 2093 8.6 Not of Hispanic origin 219734 37784 17.2 224301 36635 16.3 225578 37192 16.5 Age Under 18 years 67420 3228 4.8 66745 2605 3.9 67626 2516 3.7 18 to 64 years 148823 12494 8.4 151969 9348 6.2 153519 9565 6.2 65 years and over 25711 24431 95.0 28472 26832 94.2 28875 27205 94.2 Sex Male 117061 16716 14.3 120193 16218 13.5 121572 16461 13.5 Female 124894 23438 18.8 126994 22567 17.8 128448 22824 17.8 Educational Attainment (persons 18 years and over) Less than 4 years of high school 35533 14895 41.9 38117 15180 39.8 39367 15643 39.7 High school graduate, no college 67239 13664 20.3 69124 13144 19.0 68121 12985 19.1 1 or more years of college 71762 8366 11.7 73200 7855 10.7 74906 8141 10.9 Disability Status (persons 15 to 69 years) With a work disability 24795 8924 36.0 26523 8218 31.0 25386 8457 33.3 With no work disability 144046 13193 9.2 145833 10744 7.4 148517 10680 7.2 Residence Metropolitan 183620 28747 15.7 188570 27828 14.8 189845 28166 14.8 Central city 68726 11946 17.4 70551 11364 16.1 73667 11653 15.8 Non-central city 114894 16801 14.6 118018 16463 13.9 116178 16513 14.2 Nonmetropolitan 58335 11407 19.6 58617 10957 18.7 60174 11119 18.5 Region Northeast 50029 8477 16.9 50709 8044 15.9 51667 8273 16.0 Midwest 63321 10635 16.8 63273 10028 15.8 64370 10433 16.2 South 78335 13829 17.7 80637 13531 16.8 81106 13482 16.6 West 50269 7213 14.3 52568 7182 13.7 52876 7098 13.4 Family Status In families 208813 29830 14.3 212391 28157 13.3 215902 28367 13.1 In families with related children under 18 years 139270 6824 4.9 139122 5515 4.0 140974 5574 4.0 In married-couple families 168698 24014 14.2 170599 22548 13.2 173164 22773 13.2 In married-couple families with related children under 18 years 109601 3864 3.5 108716 2917 2.7 110164 3014 2.7 In families with a female householder, no spouse present 33984 4969 14.6 35142 4742 13.5 36434 4780 13.1 In families with a female householder, no spouse present, with related children under 18 years 26107 2718 10.4 26693 2407 9.0 27471 2389 8.7 Unrelated individuals 33142 10323 31.1 34795 10627 30.5 34118 10918 32.0 In non-family households 30922 10186 32.9 32256 10511 32.6 31790 10784 33.9 Employment and Labor Force Status (persons 18 years and over) Employed full-time 93710 3962 4.2 94210 2023 2.1 94010 2316 2.5 Employed part-time 21332 3335 15.6 22036 2917 13.2 22779 2899 12.7 Unemployed 5948 382 6.4 6955 314 4.5 7301 292 4.0 Not in labor force 53546 29246 54.6 57241 30926 54.0 58303 31263 53.6 Marital Status (persons 18 years and over) Married 106133 21644 20.4 108285 20606 19.0 108044 20814 19.3 Separated, divorced, or widowed 31229 12726 40.7 33122 13251 40.0 33517 13379 39.9 Never married 37173 2556 6.9 39034 2323 6.0 40833 2576 6.3 Family Size 1 person (unrelated individual) 33142 10323 31.1 34795 10627 30.5 34118 10918 32.0 2 persons 53963 19313 35.8 56329 19006 33.7 56861 19155 33.7 3 persons 44796 5167 11.5 45567 4709 10.3 47515 4669 9.8 4 persons 56235 2584 4.6 56580 2013 3.6 56081 2014 3.6 5 persons 30266 1388 4.6 30141 1164 3.9 31268 1241 4.0 6 or more persons 23552 1378 5.9 23774 1264 5.3 24177 1288 5.3 Family Income-to-Poverty Ratio Under 1.00 24579 3934 16.0 28168 3774 13.4 28697 3866 13.5 Under .50 6928 373 5.4 8816 433 4.9 9410 389 4.1 .50 to .74 7779 1021 13.1 9256 1027 11.1 9228 1146 12.4 .75 to .99 9872 2539 25.7 10097 2313 22.9 10060 2331 23.2 1.00 and over 217376 36220 16.7 219018 35011 16.0 221322 35419 16.0 1.00 to 1.24 11117 2609 23.5 10843 2708 25.0 11849 2852 24.1 1.25 to 1.49 10973 2863 26.1 10966 2481 22.6 11614 2881 24.8 1.50 to 1.99 24869 5277 21.2 25528 5252 20.6 26674 5403 20.3 2.00 to 2.99 50121 9880 19.7 50868 9510 18.7 50828 9375 18.4 3.00 and over 120295 15590 13.0 120814 15059 12.5 120358 14909 12.4 Family Premeans-Tested Income-to-Poverty Ratio3 Under 1.00 27544 4910 17.8 31148 4680 15.0 31722 4791 15.1 Under .50 13929 1383 9.9 16089 1321 8.2 16233 1272 7.8 .50 to .74 5886 1494 25.4 6806 1450 21.3 6935 1476 21.3 .75 to .99 7728 2034 26.3 8253 1909 23.1 8554 2043 23.9 1.00 and over 214411 35244 16.4 216039 34104 15.8 218298 34494 15.8 1.00 to 1.24 10212 2197 21.5 9978 2386 23.9 10910 2548 23.4 1.25 to 1.49 10671 2735 25.6 10580 2335 22.1 11316 2731 24.1 1.50 to 1.99 24091 5184 21.5 24999 5047 20.2 26190 5289 20.2 2.00 to 2.99 49572 9689 19.5 50334 9449 18.8 49911 9135 18.3 3.00 and over 119865 15439 12.9 120147 14887 12.4 119971 14793 12.3 Family Pre-Transfer Income-to-Poverty Ratio4 Under 1.00 44020 17945 40.8 48501 18183 37.5 50100 18856 37.6 Under .50 26784 11984 44.7 29788 12409 41.7 31798 13068 41.1 .50 to .74 8234 3099 37.6 8881 2933 33.0 8437 2809 33.3 .75 to .99 9002 2862 31.8 9832 2842 28.9 9865 2978 30.2 1.00 and over 197934 22208 11.2 198686 20601 10.4 199920 20430 10.2 1.00 to 1.24 10419 2497 24.0 10259 2513 24.5 11288 2389 21.2 1.25 to 1.49 10822 1954 18.1 10701 2039 19.1 10795 2010 18.6 1.50 to 1.99 23046 4154 18.0 24011 3881 16.2 24320 3620 14.9 2.00 to 2.99 44849 5388 12.0 44509 4677 10.5 45141 5199 11.5 3.00 and over 108799 8215 7.6 109206 7492 6.9 108376 7211 6.7 1Major assistance programs include AFDC or General Assistance, Supplemental Security Income, food stamps, Medicaid, and housing assistance. 2Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 3Based on money income excluding means-tested government cash transfers. 4Based on money income excluding government cash transfers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Go to Program Participation Dynamics, 1991 to 1993 Go to Program Participation Dynamics, 1992 to 1993 Last Revised: Wednesday, 03-Feb-99 08:15:42 People | Housing | Business | Geography | News | Subjects A to Z | Search | Catalog | Data Tools | Privacy | Home [______] [U.S. Census Bureau: Helping You Make Informed Decisions]