This study looks at the relationship between the level of segregation in metro areas in the U.S. and the health of the people who live in these communities. Metro areas with the highest levels of segregation have the largest health inequities (e.g., people of color will live far shorter lives than whites).

Summary: Information is limited about the knowledge, attitudes, expectations, and intentions of African American teens with respect to their reproductive health. For example, a relationship between contraceptive knowledge and contraceptive behavior remains in question. However, receiving sex education before (rather than after) teens become sexually active is known to be more effective.

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Date Published: February 2002
 

This literature review and analysis of issues related to economics, HIV/AIDS, and governance, follows a similar review conducted in 2000. In the review it was noted that many gaps existed in the literature, and that there was a generally poor understanding of crucial issues that inform impact, policy and response. It is certainly a positive sign that in the development of an updated bibliography (available as a separate document), the number of texts available has almost doubled in the space of two years. While the authors of this review continue to highlight gaps, particularly in research on South Africa, it is a positive sign that social scientists are developing a closer interest in HIV/AIDS, and that funding and support for research in the area is clearly growing.

The HIV/AIDS context in South Africa is rapidly changing. In the previous review, close attention was paid to economic impacts and responses, with an emphasis on impacts. In the present review, authors have oriented their chapters much more closely to issues of economic and social development and response in relation to an epidemic that has become a firmly entrenched development issue. On the one hand, there are explorations of cost issues, direct and indirect. On the other, there is a general stock-taking of response. Both aspects are critical to understanding the way forward and, indeed, there remain critical gaps. However, it is also important to note the notion that little progress has been made and that nothing has been done. This is largely a product of difficulties in recognising tangible indicators of response. For example, a recent survey showed 75% of business have HIV/AIDS policy in place, and this is significant. The next steps are unpacking the nature of these responses and identifying the implications for planning and resource allocation.

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Men of color face many challenges in achieving and maintaining good health. Their social circumstances and cultural norms, as well as the larger society’s discriminatory treatment of them, often engender in these men unhealthful responses. When social circumstances include poverty, limited education, and scarce employment opportunities, the impact on health can be especially harmful. This brief provides an overview of factors that influence the health and longevity of men of color in the United States, and makes policy recommendations for improving their health status.

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